What Is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a synthetic peptide that mimics the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1. It acts on several metabolic pathways and has been shown in clinical trials to:
- Stimulate insulin secretion when glucose levels are elevated
- Suppress glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar
- Slow gastric emptying, which may promote a feeling of fullness
- Influence appetite regulation and food intake through brain signaling pathways
These actions have been studied in the context of FDA-approved treatments for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management under licensed provider supervision.
Active Ingredient in Semaglutide
The active molecule is a modified 31-amino acid GLP-1 analog:
- Resists enzymatic degradation (DPP-4 enzyme)
- Binds to albumin, extending half-life to ~1 week
- Supports once-weekly dosing (injectables) or daily (oral)
Its chemical structure enables prolonged bioactivity and clinical stability in both forms.
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Inactive Ingredients by Formulation
Wegovy® (Injectable)
- Active: Semaglutide
- Inactive: Disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium chloride, water for injection
- pH-adjusted using hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
Ozempic® (Injectable)
- Active: Semaglutide
- Inactive: Disodium phosphate dihydrate, phenol (preservative), propylene glycol, water for injection
Rybelsus® (Oral)
- Active: Semaglutide
- Inactive: SNAC (salcaprozate sodium), magnesium stearate, povidone, microcrystalline cellulose
SNAC is included in oral semaglutide (Rybelsus®) to help facilitate absorption through the stomach lining. It has been studied for its role in modifying local pH and membrane permeability to support delivery of peptide-based medications.
How Ingredients Work Together
- Semaglutide is designed to activate GLP-1 receptors involved in appetite and glucose regulation.
- Preservatives and pH-adjusting agents are included to help maintain product stability in injectable formulations.
- SNAC, used in Rybelsus®, has been studied for its role in protecting semaglutide from stomach acid and supporting absorption.
- Each excipient is selected by the manufacturer to aid formulation integrity and delivery based on the product’s intended use.
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Final Thoughts
Understanding the ingredients in semaglutide, both active and inactive, can help individuals have more informed conversations with their healthcare providers.
Whether in injectable or oral form, semaglutide formulations are developed with clinical oversight to support stability, dosing, and delivery. When prescribed as part of a broader care plan, GLP-1 therapy may play a role in managing type 2 diabetes, obesity, or related metabolic conditions, under the guidance of a licensed provider.
Disclaimer
This article is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Eden does not manufacture medications. All prescribing is handled by independent, licensed medical providers. Eligibility for prescription is dependent on a medical assessment and not guaranteed.