Semaglutide Side Effects: What You Should Know Before Starting Treatment

What Is Semaglutide and How Does It Work?

Semaglutide is part of a class of medications known as GLP-1 receptor agonists. These drugs mimic the action of the body’s natural GLP-1 hormone, which plays a role in insulin secretion and appetite regulation.

The medication is available under brand names such as Ozempic® and Wegovy®, both of which are FDA-approved for different indications. Ozempic® is approved for managing type 2 diabetes, while Wegovy® is approved for chronic weight management in specific populations.

Eden does not dispense semaglutide or any medication. Instead, Eden connects individuals with independent, licensed healthcare providers who can evaluate eligibility and, if appropriate, prescribe treatment through a state-licensed pharmacy.

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Common Side Effects of Semaglutide

Clinical trials suggest that semaglutide may cause mild to moderate side effects, especially when beginning treatment or adjusting the dosage. The most commonly reported side effects include:

• Nausea
  
• Vomiting
  
• Diarrhea
  
• Constipation
  
• Bloating or abdominal pain
  
• Fatigue
  
  

These effects may occur during the initial dosage escalation period and may lessen over time as the body adjusts. According to data from the STEP 1 trial, gastrointestinal issues were the most frequently reported side effects, particularly during the first 8 to 12 weeks. 

The GLP-1 formulation used in this trial is the same as what was later approved and marketed under the brand name Wegovy®, specifically for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition.

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Serious Side Effects to Know About

Though less common, semaglutide may be associated with more serious adverse events. These include:

• Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
  
• Gallbladder issues, such as gallstones
  
• Changes in kidney function
  
• Potential risk for thyroid C-cell tumors (as observed in rodent studies)
  
• Severe allergic reactions (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing)
  
  

In the STEP-1 trial, the incidence of serious side effects was low, but providers were advised to monitor for signs of these risks.

If any of these symptoms develop, it’s important to consult a licensed healthcare provider immediately or seek emergency care.

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Can Semaglutide Affect Mood or Energy Levels?

Some individuals report changes in mood or energy while taking GLP-1 medications, though this has not been established in large-scale clinical trials. In the STEP clinical program, which assessed the use of semaglutide in weight management, there was no statistically significant increase in adverse psychiatric effects compared to placebo. However, individual responses may vary, and the FDA recommends monitoring for new or worsening mood symptoms.

If you notice new or worsening mental health symptoms, speak with a licensed healthcare provider as soon as possible.

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What About Hair Shedding or Muscle Loss?

Hair Shedding

Although not listed as a side effect in clinical trials, some users have reported hair shedding during treatment. This may be tied to rapid body changes, nutritional shifts, or stress rather than semaglutide itself.

It’s essential to discuss any hair loss concerns with a licensed healthcare provider, who may recommend lab tests or dietary adjustments.

Muscle Loss

In a 2025 study published in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, researchers examined body composition changes in individuals taking semaglutide. They found that while most of the weight lost was fat, a portion of lean mass was also reduced.

To help preserve muscle, healthcare providers may recommend strategies like strength training and ensuring adequate protein intake.

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When to Contact a Healthcare Provider

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
  
• Vomiting that doesn’t improve
  
• Signs of an allergic reaction (swelling, difficulty breathing, rash)
  
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  
• Sudden changes in mood or thoughts of self-harm
  
  

These symptoms may indicate a serious reaction that needs urgent care. Always discuss concerns with a licensed healthcare provider who can assess your unique medical history.

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Questions to Ask a Provider Before Starting Semaglutide

Before beginning any GLP-1 treatment, a conversation with a licensed provider can help set expectations and ensure safety. Consider asking:

1. What side effects should I be aware of based on my health history?
   
2. How should I handle nausea or digestive discomfort?
   
3. What blood work or monitoring is recommended?
   
4. How long should I stay on this medication?
   
5. Are there non-medication strategies I should combine with this treatment?
   
   

Eden helps you start that conversation by connecting you with independent, licensed healthcare providers who specialize in metabolic care.

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Conclusion

Semaglutide may offer an effective approach for managing metabolic conditions under the guidance of a licensed provider. However, it’s essential to be informed about potential side effects, both common and rare, so you can make decisions that support your overall well-being.

With Eden, you can easily connect with trusted providers, get answers to your questions, and access treatment options that align with your goals.

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