GLP-1 Medications and Birth Control: What to Know

How GLP-1 Therapy May Affect Oral Contraceptives

GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, slow gastric emptying, which can delay the absorption of orally administered medications. However, studies have shown that this delay does not significantly impact the overall effectiveness of oral contraceptives for most GLP-1 medications. An exception is tirzepatide, which has been associated with a reduction in the bioavailability of oral contraceptives.

‍

Contraceptive Methods and GLP-1 Medications

Oral Contraceptives

While most GLP-1 medications do not significantly affect oral contraceptive efficacy, patients are advised to:

• Take oral contraceptives at least one hour before or four hours after GLP-1 medication administration.
• Use a backup contraceptive method during the initial weeks of GLP-1 therapy or following dose adjustments.
• Consult with healthcare providers if experiencing gastrointestinal side effects that may impair absorption.

Non-Oral Contraceptive Methods

Non-oral contraceptive methods are not affected by GLP-1 medications and include:

• Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
• Hormonal implants
• Vaginal rings
• Transdermal patches
• Injectable contraceptives

‍

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods, such as condoms and diaphragms, remain effective and can be used alone or in conjunction with other contraceptive methods for added protection.

‍

Best Practices for Contraceptive Use with GLP-1 Therapy

• Maintain consistent timing when taking oral contraceptives relative to GLP-1 medication administration.
• Monitor for and report any gastrointestinal symptoms that may affect medication absorption.
• Discuss contraceptive options with healthcare providers to determine the most suitable method during GLP-1 therapy.

‍

GLP-1 Medications and Pregnancy

GLP-1 receptor agonists are not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks observed in animal studies, including fetal growth restriction and skeletal abnormalities. Patients planning to conceive should discontinue GLP-1 therapy at least one to two months prior to conception, depending on the specific medication.

‍

Fertility Considerations

Weight loss associated with GLP-1 therapy may improve fertility, particularly in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients not planning to become pregnant should use effective contraception during GLP-1 therapy to prevent unintended pregnancies.

‍

Side Effects Impacting Contraceptive Absorption

Common side effects of GLP-1 medications, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, may affect the absorption of oral contraceptives. Patients experiencing these symptoms should consult their healthcare providers to discuss alternative contraceptive methods or additional precautions.

‍

Final Thoughts

GLP-1 medications and hormonal contraceptives can be used concurrently with appropriate precautions. Patients should consult with healthcare providers to determine the most suitable contraceptive method during GLP-1 therapy, considering potential interactions and individual health factors.

‍

This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting or adjusting any medication, including birth control or GLP-1 therapy.